First I shall apoligise for using soccer & football throughout this document together. But as this is the Internet it will be read around the world and despite the fact the English invented Football, it is now referred to as soccer; so I will use both for the benefits of readers around the world.

After many years looking at football matches and coming to understand the mathematics behind them, I can now predict the probabilities on many matches to a very high accuracy over the course of a season. Not only that but I can predict the match while it is in play and all sorts of interesting things.

I have analysed soccer matches for decades now and have accumulated unbelievable amounts of data to do with matches. I think I probably started to seriously collect data in the early 1980's but my interest pre dates that to when I used to play table football and even then keep accurate records of those matches. The first word I could type of a typewriter was ' subbuteo'. A very long time ago I started analysing what happens inside a match as this obviously had a large bearing on the final result. I didn't know why I did that, but I was glad I did as many years later I was able to use this data in the modern betting exchange markets. I can't think of many things I haven't looked at over the years. If there is something you wanted to know about a football match I have probably studied it at some point.

Common soccer myths, conundrums and the answers to them

1. "Play better sent off" - Teams always seem to play better when somebody is sent off. False - The chance of a team winning a match definitely declines after a person is sent off.
2. "Man U get more penalty decisions" - Manchester united get more penalties that their opponents. True - I looked at a season recently when Man Utd won the Premier league and sure enough they were awarded more penalties than there opponents. However, so were the Scottish champions Rangers and the winners of the other leagues. This seems to indicate that teams that are playing well and near the top of the league are going to be awarded more penalties on the basis of their attacking force and / or the opponents defensive weakness not because of any specific bias. As a control we correlated penalties and league positions and this seems to confirm this bias. Teams get awarded more penalties because they are stronger in attack.
3. It's always good to score just before half time. Curiously recent data seems to suggest that if this is the first goal that it is the case if you are the away team but not particularly the case if you are the home team. This could be a statistical anomaly in the data we collected, as the chance of a win should rise the later the first goal is scored and longer term data confirms this. Early goals give opponents the time to respond so this is not a particularly good time to score unless you get a second then your chance of winning the match shoots up! If the first two goals go to the home or away team you are looking at a 89%+ chance of going on to win the match.
4. Boring, boring - Are 1-0 wins boring? No, just to be expected. This is the most common result of a match behind a 1-1 draw.
5. "Conceding a goal just after scoring" - Teams are quite likely to concede a goal after just scoring one - No, there is no evidence that this is the case. People probably just remember these goals more or feel nervous when an attacking phase occurs after a goal. Goals are fairly normally distributed throughout the match subject to the ability of either team to score. Early goals are likely to produce more goals later subject to the incentive to score.
6. England are rubbish at penalties - Yes they are. Personally I think players should practice penalties at half time then they can get used to the hostile atmosphere before a penalty shoot out. There is an interesting site on the following link where you can analyse penalties - http://www.castrolfootball.com/penaltyanalysis/

Anatomy of a soccer / football match

There are various pointers you can use to determine the flow of a match. I have used rounded and general data here so don't take these statistic as red.

Home advantage - Does exist and you can see it clearly by analysing any quantity of football data. The home team wins generally 45% of the time, draws 30% of the time and the away team wins 25% of the time. On average there are around 2.60 goals scored per game favouring the home team. Home advantage is generally reckoned to be worth around 0.40 of a goal in terms of supremacy against the opposition.

Likely scores - If the home team wins; it will win 1-0, 2-0 or 2-1 over 60% of the time. If the away team wins if will win 1-0, 2-0 or 2-1 nearly 70% of the time. If its a draw is is highly likely to be 0-0, 1-1 or 2-2.

If you wish to work out on average who is going to score first in the match take a coin out of your pocket and decide on heads or tails while you flip it in the air. There is a slight bias to the stronger team but it is surprising how often the weaker team scores first. I guess this is what you get what you normally distribute events with a large standard deviation.

If the away team scores first the chances of the match ending in a draw goes up. If the away team equalises after going a goal down then there is still a high probability that they will not go on to win the match. So don't panic if your team playing at home squanders an early advantage.

Don't bother turning up for the first half!!

Nearly 1/3rd of matches are 0-0 at half time. A lot of the action is in the second half!! It the match is 0-0 at half time the odds on a draw have risen quite a bit, usually at the expense of the home teams chances of winning. So 0-0, if you are playing at home, is bad and away is not so bad but not particularly good either.

If the score is 0-0 at half time it is critical that your team scores first in the second half. If you do there is only a small chance of your team going on to lose the match

The half time score

If your team is playing at home and is losing at half time then they must score first in the second half or else they have little chance of winning.

Even if your team is dominant and has more shots towards goal there is still a one in four chance that they will not win a match. It is true that teams can play well and still lose thanks to being unlucky. So don't be too hard on your team when they fail to win.

And finally............... NEVER, leave the ground early under any circumstances!! The probability of a goal in the last minute or in extra time is actually quite high, much higher than most people suspect. OK, it could go against you, but there is a slightly better chance it will be for the home team. So stick around and enjoy that pleasure of a late goal.

I hope that gives you something to chew over.

All the above probabilities are general and spread across the entire spectrum of matches. Individual matches vary significantly based upon the ability of the teams. All matches are different, so there is no one fits all statistic. However I did create this product, which will help you model individual matches.